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Accordion fold Paper that is folded two or more times in a parallel direction similar to the bellows of an accordion. Acid-free paper A paper having no acidity and no residual acid-producing chemicals. Acid-free papers may also be slightly on the alkaline side to provide greater longevity. Adhesive-coated paper Paper coated on one side with an adhesive that can be activated by moistening (for gummed papers) by heat (for heat sealing) or that is permanently tacky (for pressure-sensitive permanent and removable applications). Against the grain folding, scoring, binding or printing paper at right angles to the fibers of the paper. Air-dried Drying paper by contact with air as opposed to machine -dried paper that is dried by contact with heated cylinders. Announcements Cards or sheets of fine text and cover paper with matching envelopes that are used for social stationery, wedding announcements, greeting cards and the like. Antique finish Book or cover paper made with very little calendering to preserve its rough finish and bulk Art board A bristol board made for fine artists that will accept pencil, pen or watercolors. Art paper A variety of fine drawing papers made with close weave, for the same uses as art board. Artificial parchment A paper that tries to resemble genuine vegetable parchment. It is usually produced from a very wildly formed fibrous structure. Backbone the center end of a book between the front and back covers. Backing up Printing the opposite side of a sheet, after the first side has already been printed. Barrel fold When the paper is folded two or more times in the same direction, sometimes called a wrap-around fold. Basic size The standard sheet size given to each type of paper that determines its weight; e.g., 500 sheets of cover stock, basic size 20" x 26" when weighed equals the number of pounds, which is its basis weight Basis weight The weight of a ream of paper in the basic size of the grade. The basis weight is determined by weighing a properly conditioned and exactly dimensioned sheet of paper. Bible paper Uncoated, lightweight but opaque papers (the most common basis weight between 4 and 30 lbs.) used primarily for bibles, hymn books, dictionaries, etc. Binding The procedure for fastening paper signatures or pages into books, magazines or booklets. Blanks Heavyweight boards ranging from 15 to 48 points in thickness, both coated and uncoated. Primarily used for package printing, point-of-purchase displays, poster cards, etc. Bleed When the printed image extends beyond the trim edge of a sheet or page. Blotting paper Extremely soft and absorbent stock. Used where high ink or water absorbency is critical, such as desk blotters. Bond paper A strong and durable paper, made from either rag, bleach chemical wood pulp or both. Most commonly used for writing, printing, and duplicating purposes. Book paper A broad variety of paper suitable for printing. Used for book and advertising purposes. Surface finishes vary but include dull, matte, glossy, super calendered, antique, wove, vellum, eggshell, etc. Box boards Inexpensive board primarily used for cartons, boxes and other packaging applications. Brightness The reflectance or brilliance of a paper, not necessarily related to its color or whiteness. Bristol A durable stock used for mailers, calling cards, announcements and other printing that must withstand heavy use. Thickness will be /006 or higher. Bulk The thickness of a single sheet of paper, expressed in points. A point equals 1/1000 inch. "High-bulk" papers are more frequently used to give thickness to a book without adding to its weight. Caliper The thickness of any sheet of paper, measuring by a micrometer gauge. Often expressed in points, each being 1/1000 inch. Carbonless paper Papers that have been treated with chemicals and carbon derivatives that are activated by pressure. Cast coated A high-gloss, coated paper that has been pressed against a heated, smooth chrome cylinder. Chain marks The lines that appear on laid paper parallel to the grain, about one inch apart. Check paper Also known as "safety" paper. The paper is printed with a pattern and is chemically treated to reveal erasures and alterations. Used for the manufacturing of bank checks. Chipboard A single-ply cardboard, usually gray or brown in color. Frequently used as the background in padding. It is usually made from mixed, repulped paper stock. Coated paper Available in carious finishes, this paper is coated on two sides and is broadly used for all types of printing, including multicolor work. Cockle finish A finish that is produced by air drying; normally applies to bond and onionskin papers. Collating A finish that is produced by air drying; normally applies to bond and onionskin papers. Corrugated Paperboard that is made of two sheets of paper or cardboard with a sheet of fluted or pleated paper sandwiched in between. Cotton fiber paper Sometimes called "rag" paper, made wither wholly or in part of cotton fibers derived from textile clippings or cotton linters. Cover paper A heavyweight paper made particularly to protect contents and outwardly represent the printed piece such as covers of brochures, books, etc. Cut size Refers to paper cut and packaged for small printing press equipment. Common cut sizes would be 8.5 x 14 and 11 x 17. Deckle Normally a text paper with an edge irregular in outline and a decreased thickness. Frequently used for announcements. Made in cover or text weights. Deckle edge The untrimmed feather edge of paper that is produced at the edges of the web on the paper machine. Density the weight of paper compared to the volume. In most cases, the higher the density, the higher strength. Dummy A mock-up of the proposed grade, weight, finish and color of paper made to resemble the final product, used in the planning stages. Duplex paper Two sheets of text paper or cover stock with a different texture of color on each side that have been pasted together. Duplicating paper A smooth surface paper with a controlled absorbency made to be used in duplicating processes. Eggshell paper finish An uncoated book-paper finish, close to antique finish, characterized by a rough surface. Embossed finish A paper surface embossed in a broad variety of patterns (including linen, pebble, leather, tweed, etc.) by pressing the web paper between the nip of an engraved steel roller. English finish An uncoated book properly widely used for letterpress printed books and magazines. It is a very smooth finish paper with a level surface. Equivalent weight The term used to denote the respective weights of a paper of two different basic sheet sizes. Felt finish A soft finish applied to uncoated paper at the wet press, characteristic of the felt weave. Felt side The top side of the web, that is, the side of the paper that does not come into the fourdrinier wire during manufacture; thus the smooth side, preferable for printing. Opposite of wire side. Finish A term that described the surface characteristic of paper, such as vellum or wove finish. Flint paper A one-side coated paper that is highly glazed and colored. Flocking Colored cotton or rayon fibers that are dusted on an adhesive-coated paper to achieve a velour-like effect. Free A term used by papermakers to describe a sheet of paper that contains no groundwood or mechanical pulp. French fold A sheet folded twice to make a four-page folder, and usually printed on one side only. Used for announcements and greeting cards. G Glassine A glossy, transparent paper normally made from highly beaten chemical pulps. It is greaseproof and resistant to penetration of air and water vapor, often used as the window in envelopes. Goldenrod paper A bright, orange-yellow coated stock frequently used by the printer as support for assembly of film in the stripping process. Grain In paper, the direction in which the fibers generally lie, corresponding to the direction for their flow on the papermaking machine - folding, for example, being most easily accomplished with the grain. Gummed paper A variety of paper that has been finished with and adhesive coating on one side that is activated by water. Handmade Paper that is made by hand as single sheets, usually with a deckle edge finish. Hickey An imperfection in printing consisting of either a small, solid printed area surrounded by a white halo, sometimes described as a doughnut hickey, or an unprinted spot that is surrounded by printing, called a void hickey. Index bristol Light weight cardboard treated to accept writing ink and to permit erasures. Available in white or colors, and most frequently used for card index work and ruled forms. Job lot Normally a small quantity of a defective or discontinued paper stock not sold as a regular inventory item, but as a special or discounted item. Kraft paper A rough, strong brown paper normally used for wrapping and made form sulfate pulp. Some bleached kraft papers are used for printing purposes. Label papers A paper usually coated one sided for labeling and wrapping. The other side is either uncoated or coated with an adhesive. Laid mark A finish on uncoated papers that gives a closely "lined" appearance and made as a watermark by the dandy roll on the paper machine. The laid lines are perpendicular to the chain lines. Laminated Two separated sheets of paper joined together as a single sheet to provide special thickness, special surface or varying colors from side to side, such as duplex stock. Leatherette-finish paper Heavy papers or cover stocks that have been embossed to give the texture of leather. Ledger paper A strong, well-sized paper, with a finish that will accept pen and ink writing and erasures, usually used for data entry and record systems. Lightweight printing paper Printing paper having exceptionally high opacity for its weight and designed for printing applications (such as catalogs and direct mail booklets) requiring a lightweight paper, with basis weight in the 17-4 lb. ranges. Linen-finish paper A paper that has been embossed to achieve a surface resembling linen cloth. Making order A special paper order that cannot be filled by a stacking paper merchant and must be custom manufactured at the mill. Manifold paper A very thin paper, frequently used for making carbon copies of letters. Manila paper A paper used to manufacture envelopes, file folders and other filing jackets. Also used as a packing for presses, it is buff in color and has good durability and tear strength. Micrometer A paper micrometer measures thickness of paper in increments of 0.0001 inch. Mimeograph paper A toothy, absorbent paper suitable for stencil duplicating process. M weight The weight of one thousand sheets, any paper, any size. Newsprint An inexpensive uncoated paper generally made from ground wood or mechanical pulps and used for newspaper printing. Offset paper Stock that is available in several surface finishes made for the specific requirements of offset printing. Onionskin paper A business paper, frequently used for copies of original letters. It is usually of cotton content, is very thin and lightweight, and has an air-dried, cockle finish. Opacity The nontransparent property of paper that prevents or reduces light transmission and show-through of printing. Over-run Copies printed in excess of the specified quantity. Paper dummy An unprinted sample of a book or other proposed printed piece, bound and presented in the correct sizes, usually showing the grade, weight and color of paper. Parchment Originally a sheep or goat skin used for writing surface, but more recently a paper with strong characteristics used for diplomas and certificates. Pebble-finish One of the many special patterns which can be produced on the surface of paper, at the mill, by embossing. Perfect binding A style of binding in which all pages are trimmed at the binding edge and held together by glue. Telephone directories, catalogs and paperback books are bound in this way. Plastic-laminated paper Strong, durable cover papers on which plastic has been laminated for protection or gloss. Used often for menus. Ply Layers of paper pasted together to make its strength greater. Two-ply means two layers. Also, the number of individual sheets that make up a set of business forms. Point A unit of thickness, measuring one-thousandth of an inch. Printability The characteristic of a paper which allows good performance of the press and which yields true reproduction of copy by the process used. Pulp The fibrous cellulose material which has been mixed, beaten and diluted, to which chemicals and fillers may be added in preparation for the papermaking process. Rag-content paper Papers which are composed of at least 25% cotton or linen fibers. Ream A measurement of 500 sheets of paper regardless of size, weight or grads. (Some tissues have a 480 count to the ream). Reprographic paper Generally an uncoated sheet of specific quality for use in copying equipment. Ripple-finish One of the many interesting surface effects created by embossing the sheet. Runability The ability of a paper to perform on the press. Among the characteristics are: it must be lint-free, accurately trimmed, a moisture content in equilibrium with the relative humidity of the press room, free of curl or wavy edges. Safety paper Paper used for stocks, bonds or other legal documents which expose forgery or alteration by mechanical or chemical means. Scoring Making an indentation, generally in the heavier weights of paper, to facilitate a cleaner and easier fold. Self-cover When the inside stock of a booklet is the same as the cover and is usually printed on the same press sheet. Shaded watermark A watermark with an image-area paper that is somewhat more opaque than the rest of the paper and has a darker appearance when it is viewed with light, as compared to a conventional watermark, which is visible because of this greater transparency. Sheet Represents two pages, for both sides of a sheet of paper. Sheet-fed Paper is fed into the press by sheets rather than by a roll of paper. Show-through When the printing on one side of a sheet of paper can be seen when looking at the opposite side. Slip sheet Blank sheets of paper placed in between sheets of paper as they are printed to prevent set-off. Stock The material, paper or otherwise, which is to be printed or otherwise processed. Tag An extremely strong stock in a variety of categories. Text paper A term describing fine quality papers, frequently in fancy textures. Used for announcements and booklets. Thickness See caliper Topside of paper This term refers to the rop of the web as it comes off the paper machine. It is also known as the "felt: side. The other side of most paper is known as the "wire" side because of its direct contact with the endless ribbon of wire on the paper machine. Uncoated paper Paper on which the printing surface consists of the paper stock itself. Under-run A term for finished papers or print work that is less than was specified in the original order. Vegetable parchment A greaseproof paper with very high wet strength, made by passing the paper web through a sulfuric acid bath that fuses its fibers into a homogenous mass. Vellum paper The term frequently refers to the finish of the paper rather than a grade of paper. Architects and artists also use a high quality tracing paper known as "tracing vellum." Velvet paper A paper which ahs been flocked to resemble velvet. Watermark A translucent mark or design that is visible when a sheet of paper is held up to a light. Web paper A continuous roll of paper to be used on web printing presses or later sheeted for sheet-fed presses. With the grain The direction of the sheet parallel to the predominant orientation of the fibers. Wove Term describing a specific surface finish smoother than vellum and antique. It also refers to the standard type of wire mark on a sheet. Writing A relatively soft grade of paper, as contrasted to bond.
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